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要想攻克長難句，掌握必要的語法知識尤為重要。非謂語動詞短語的形式包括動名詞、現在分詞、過去分詞、動詞不定式，它們在句子中可以充當不同的句子成分，下面我們具體談談分詞作狀語的八類情況。

一、表時間,可以和時間狀語從句互換。如：

Studying in the university, he was very popular among his classmates.=

When he studied in the university, he was very popular among his classmates.

Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. =

When she saw those pictures, she remembered her childhood.

二、表原因,可以和原因狀語從句互換。如：

Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to contact her. =

Because I did not know her address, I wasn’t able to contact her.

三、表條件,可以和條件狀語從句互換。如：

Walking to work, you will save quite a lot of money.=

If you walk to work, you will save quite a lot of money.

四、表讓步，可以和讓步狀語從句互換。如：

Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. =

Although he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.

五、表方式，如：

He earns a living driving a truck.

I’m returning you letter as requested.

六、表伴隨，如：

Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state.(考研閱讀真題2014 Text 1)

在這個句子中，delighted分詞短語作伴隨狀語，表示去求職中心的狀態。

七、表結果，分詞短語作結果狀語在考研英語閱讀中經常出現，并作為因果邏輯關系的考點出現在題干和選項中，請大家一定要注意非謂語動詞短語的這種語法功能。如：

The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. (考研閱讀真題2014 Text 2)

在這句話中，tempting分詞短語作結果狀語，表示最好的律師掙錢很多這種現象帶來的結果是引起更多學生考法律學校。題干中的問題是A lot of students take up law as their profession due to，即學生學法律專業的原因是什么，這個問題從上句話中就可以找出答案，是因為經濟回報的吸引，即選項the attraction of financial rewards。

By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace. (考研閱讀真題2013 Text 1)

在這個句子中，shaking 分詞短語作結果狀語，表示品牌綁架時尚圈的后果。

Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all. (考研閱讀真題2013 Text 3)

在這個句子中，leading分詞短語作結果狀語，表示科技將治愈人類所有疾病后帶來的結果。

八、與邏輯主語構成獨立主格，如：

Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. (考研閱讀真題2013 Text 2)

在這種結構中，需要注意非謂語動詞的主語是其前出現的名詞或名詞短語。Being what it is 的邏輯主語是human nature, 翻譯為人類本性就是這樣。

在考研閱讀中，分詞短語作狀語在句中出現的頻率很大，大家需要注意分辨清分詞短語與主句的邏輯關系，這樣我們才能更好地理清文章結構，進而在選擇答案時能夠做到有的放矢。