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北京外國語大學2010年碩士研究生入學考試試題

招生專業：英漢同聲傳譯科目名稱： 英漢互譯

（考試時間3小時，滿分150分，全部寫在答題紙上，答在試題頁上無效）

一、將下列段落譯為漢語（25分）

The dangers of a population explosion have been all over the newspapers lately and indeed the world population could reach seven billion in just two years and eight billion perhaps in the next two decades. But that’s not the only story. Dramatic declines in fertility rates in some countries and high rates in others pose a critical challenge. One must be reminded that the growth of world population — which now stands at an estimated 6.8 billion human inhabitants — has greatly impacted all life forms and the overall natural environment of the planet.

Although the population of the world continues to grow substantially — 79 million per year — the rate of growth has declined by nearly half over the last 40 years – from 2 percent to 1.2 percent a year. The cause for the slowdown is declining fertility rates. However, while the average global fertility has dropped from about 5 to 2.6 births per woman during the past 50 years, considerable uncertainty exists about the future. Insofar as fertility is the engine driving the future size of world population, this uncertainty about the path of fertility in the coming years is one of the central and challenging questions of this century. (199 words)

二、將下列短文譯為漢語（50分）

President Obama’s recent trip toChinareflects a symbiotic relationship at the heart of the global economy: China uses American spending power to enlarge its private sector, while America uses Chinese lending power to expand its public sector. Yet this arrangement may unravel in a dangerous way, and if it does, the most likely culprit will be Chinese economic overcapacity.

Several hundred million Chinese farmers have moved from the countryside to the cities over the last 30 years, in one of the largest, most rapid migrations in history. To help make this work, the Chinese government has subsidized its exporters by pegging the renminbi at an unnaturally low rate tothe dollar. This has supported relatively high-paying export jobs; additional subsidies have included direct credit allocation and preferential treatment for coastal enterprises.

These aren’t the recommended policies you would find in a basic economics text, but it’s hard to argue with success. Most important, it has given many more Chinese a stake in the future of their society. Those same subsidies, however, have spurred excess capacity and created a dangerous political dynamic in which these investments have to be propped up at all cost.

China has been building factories and production capacity in virtually every sector of its economy, but it’s not clear that the latest round of investments will be profitable anytime soon. Automobiles, steel, semiconductors, cement, aluminum and real estate all show signs of too much capacity. In Shanghai, the central business district appears to have high vacancy rates, yet building continues.

Chinese planners now talk of the need to restrict investment in sectors that are overflowing with unsold products. The global market is no longer strong, and domestic demand was never enough in the first place. Regional officials have an incentive to prop up local enterprises and production statistics, even if that means supporting projects or accounting practices that are not sustainable. (315 words)

三、將下列段落譯為英語（25分）

由于國際金融危機的嚴重沖擊，我國外部需求大幅萎縮，產能過剩矛盾突出，企業生產經營困難，失業人員增多，經濟增速明顯下滑。中國政府迅速出臺擴大內需、促進經濟平穩較快發展的十項措施，實施應對國際金融危機的一攬子計劃，短時間內扭轉了經濟下滑趨勢。我們還積極發展與世界各國的經貿合作與交流，擴大商品進口、對外投資和對外援助，加強同有關國家宏觀經濟政策協調，推動國際經貿和金融體系改革，為世界經濟復蘇作出了積極努力。（203字）

四、將下列短文譯為英語（50分）

1949年以后，一個真正的婦女解放過程開始了。男女平等被定為國策，所有婦女都參加生產勞動。這件事太偉大了，因為就算是在西方，婦女對工作權、選舉權的爭取也要經過100多年，但是中國女性直接就獲得了這些權利。而且女性參加社會生產勞動的比例一下就超過了很多西方國家，幾乎是100%的適齡并適合勞動的婦女都出來工作，這應該說是一個非常關鍵的進步。

然而，那個年代有時是比較極端的。過于強調男女都一樣，男性能做到的，女性也能做到，男女之間沒什么區別，大家穿同樣的衣服，女孩兒也都不化妝，好像沒有性別的區分了。但造成這種現象的原因是過去女性的地位太低，轉到這個階段，女性被抑制的各種方面爆發了。此時，女性的地位得到極大提高，但性別差異也被忽略。（307字）