Countless divorced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divorce, let alone gotten one. [2002, 完型]
分析:
A. 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。該句主句是Countless divorced politicians would have been elected。had they even thought of a divorce 是從句,是省略if的倒裝條件句。out of office years ago和let alone gotten one都是狀語(yǔ)。
B. 分析虛擬語(yǔ)氣。主句Countless divorced politicians would have been elected和從句中 had they even thought of a divorce中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分別是would have been elected、 had thought,體現(xiàn)了虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其中,從句是省略了if倒裝條件句。
C. 譯文:現(xiàn)如今,許多政客都紛紛離婚,這要是在幾年前都是不可能的。那時(shí),不說真的離婚了,只要他們有離婚的想法,就一定會(huì)被趕下臺(tái)。
While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
【解析】
可拆分為:While there are almost as many definitions of history //as there are historians, // modern practice most closely conforms to one // that sees history //as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
主句:modern practice most closely conforms to one;從句:讓步狀語(yǔ)從句While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians;比較狀語(yǔ)從句as there are historians;定語(yǔ)從句that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past修飾one。主干結(jié)構(gòu)是While there are almost as... as there are... +主句,While引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,此句與漢語(yǔ)句序符合漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣未作調(diào)整,仍放于主句前。從句中as... as結(jié)構(gòu)是比較級(jí),這句話直譯為“有多少歷史學(xué)家,就有多少關(guān)于歷史的定義。
In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.
【解析】
可拆分為:In general, //the tests work most effectively //when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined //and least effectively //when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.
主句:the tests work most effectively when... and least effectively when...,主句中嵌套了兩個(gè)并列的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined和when... can not be well defined,第二個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中又嵌套了一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句what is to be measured or predicted做此狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。本句在翻譯的時(shí)候?qū)⒁粋(gè)主從復(fù)合句,適當(dāng)調(diào)整成了兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的單句(即:the tests work most effectively when..., and the tests work least effectively when...),并把兩個(gè)狀語(yǔ)分別提前了,更符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣。